diff --git a/src/admin/query/presence.rs b/src/admin/query/presence.rs
index 6189270c..0963429e 100644
--- a/src/admin/query/presence.rs
+++ b/src/admin/query/presence.rs
@@ -42,12 +42,16 @@ pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: PresenceCommand, context: &Command<'_>)
 			since,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services.presence.db.presence_since(since);
-			let presence_since: Vec<(_, _, _)> = results.collect().await;
+			let results: Vec<(_, _, _)> = services
+				.presence
+				.presence_since(since)
+				.map(|(user_id, count, bytes)| (user_id.to_owned(), count, bytes.to_vec()))
+				.collect()
+				.await;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();
 
 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
-				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{presence_since:#?}\n```"
+				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/src/api/client/sync/v3.rs b/src/api/client/sync/v3.rs
index f29fe220..2bd318df 100644
--- a/src/api/client/sync/v3.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/sync/v3.rs
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ async fn process_presence_updates(
 		if !services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
-			.user_sees_user(syncing_user, &user_id)
+			.user_sees_user(syncing_user, user_id)
 			.await
 		{
 			continue;
@@ -496,10 +496,10 @@ async fn process_presence_updates(
 
 		let presence_event = services
 			.presence
-			.from_json_bytes_to_event(&presence_bytes, &user_id)
+			.from_json_bytes_to_event(presence_bytes, user_id)
 			.await?;
 
-		match presence_updates.entry(user_id) {
+		match presence_updates.entry(user_id.into()) {
 			Entry::Vacant(slot) => {
 				slot.insert(presence_event);
 			},
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ async fn process_presence_updates(
 					.currently_active
 					.or(curr_content.currently_active);
 			},
-		}
+		};
 	}
 
 	Ok(())
diff --git a/src/service/presence/data.rs b/src/service/presence/data.rs
index 8522746f..68b2c3fe 100644
--- a/src/service/presence/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/presence/data.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use conduit::{
 };
 use database::{Deserialized, Json, Map};
 use futures::Stream;
-use ruma::{events::presence::PresenceEvent, presence::PresenceState, OwnedUserId, UInt, UserId};
+use ruma::{events::presence::PresenceEvent, presence::PresenceState, UInt, UserId};
 
 use super::Presence;
 use crate::{globals, users, Dep};
@@ -137,13 +137,14 @@ impl Data {
 		self.userid_presenceid.remove(user_id);
 	}
 
-	pub fn presence_since(&self, since: u64) -> impl Stream<Item = (OwnedUserId, u64, Vec<u8>)> + Send + '_ {
+	#[inline]
+	pub(super) fn presence_since(&self, since: u64) -> impl Stream<Item = (&UserId, u64, &[u8])> + Send + '_ {
 		self.presenceid_presence
 			.raw_stream()
 			.ignore_err()
-			.ready_filter_map(move |(key, presence_bytes)| {
-				let (count, user_id) = presenceid_parse(key).expect("invalid presenceid_parse");
-				(count > since).then(|| (user_id.to_owned(), count, presence_bytes.to_vec()))
+			.ready_filter_map(move |(key, presence)| {
+				let (count, user_id) = presenceid_parse(key).ok()?;
+				(count > since).then_some((user_id, count, presence))
 			})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/service/presence/mod.rs b/src/service/presence/mod.rs
index 82a99bd5..b2106f3f 100644
--- a/src/service/presence/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/presence/mod.rs
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Returns the most recent presence updates that happened after the event
 	/// with id `since`.
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn presence_since(&self, since: u64) -> impl Stream<Item = (OwnedUserId, u64, Vec<u8>)> + Send + '_ {
+	pub fn presence_since(&self, since: u64) -> impl Stream<Item = (&UserId, u64, &[u8])> + Send + '_ {
 		self.db.presence_since(since)
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/service/sending/sender.rs b/src/service/sending/sender.rs
index 5c0a324b..a57d4aea 100644
--- a/src/service/sending/sender.rs
+++ b/src/service/sending/sender.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use std::{
 
 use base64::{engine::general_purpose, Engine as _};
 use conduit::{
-	debug, debug_warn, err, trace,
+	debug, debug_warn, err,
+	result::LogErr,
+	trace,
 	utils::{calculate_hash, math::continue_exponential_backoff_secs, ReadyExt},
 	warn, Error, Result,
 };
@@ -315,14 +317,14 @@ impl Service {
 		while let Some((user_id, count, presence_bytes)) = presence_since.next().await {
 			*max_edu_count = cmp::max(count, *max_edu_count);
 
-			if !self.services.globals.user_is_local(&user_id) {
+			if !self.services.globals.user_is_local(user_id) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			if !self
 				.services
 				.state_cache
-				.server_sees_user(server_name, &user_id)
+				.server_sees_user(server_name, user_id)
 				.await
 			{
 				continue;